Home » Volumes » > Volume 8 » It is Not Easy to Find a Clean and Functional Public Toilet in Many Countries: Lessons to Learn from Japan

It is Not Easy to Find a Clean and Functional Public Toilet in Many Countries: Lessons to Learn from Japan


SATO, N.; ISHII, E. It is Not Easy to Find a Clean and Functional Public Toilet in Many Countries: Lessons to Learn from Japan JAS4QoL 2022, 8(1) 1 online at: https://as4qol.org/xAJT1

Categories: > Volume 8, > Wisdom Notes, Journal Articles, Volumes
Tags: , , , , ,


SATO; NorikoISHII; Erina  

Imex Japan Co. Ltd., 3F Imex Japan Building, 22 Shimomidori-cho, Shichiku, KitaKu, Kyoto 603-8425, JAPAN

Traveling in Europe, the United States, and most countries in Asia, it is always a painful and embarrassing moment when nature calls. For people living in Japan especially, the situation maybe unbearable when a language barrier arises as well. All these come back to the one and one only question:  Why are public toilets or washrooms not readily available outside Japan? The answer to this question goes back to the 19th century when a well-meaning reformer, Augustus Gardner spoke out in 1862: “Any man, and far more, any woman may walk from one end of this city to the other, in the most dire torture, without finding the relief to the necessities of the body, without such indecent exposure of the person as would render the individual liable to arrest and fine by the civic authorities.” 

View | Download

Volumes (in journal order)

Categories

Categorized Tag Cloud

teien Emotion and Behavior KONISHI; Nami Cognitively Impaired Elderly elementary school students NAKAI; Hisao single-product Tryptanthrin Water Systems HIOKI; Chizuko glycemic index English for Study Abroad Epidemiologic Study HIEJIMA; Yoshimitsu Edwin Drood NISHIOKA; Yuichiro Science English grammar instruction the manual booklets NAKASHIMA; Souichi OUCHI: Yuri KOHNO; Kyoko Collaborative Writing Conferences Vocabulary ITABE; Hiroyuki Minoru; OZEKI Wisdom Note relevance and assessment senstitivity of tests SATO; Erina metabolic indexes medication counseling Kaoru SUGAWARA English Kyoto Gardens Preparatory education prior to study abroad AIURA; Satoshi WAKATSUKI; Toru FUJIWARA; Yumi Immunodefense System HIRAYAMA; Etsuko continuous publication Literary Criticism Proceedings TAKAO; Ikuko complementary product Cissus sicyoides Drug Discovery HATA; Hiroki MATSUNO; Hikari Gardens Water proficiency level Nutritinal function Internet-Use Tendency conference Cooperative Learning Communication Skills SUGAWARA; Kaoru Cognitive Linguistics MATSUDA; Hisashi Triage Nurses IKEGAMI; Sako HONJO; Michio Pharmaceutical Science English emergency departments Bleak House HIBINO; Kenichi KITADE; Tatsuya Kyoto NISHITANI; Hironori FOONG; Anthony FW ITO; Ken MATHEWS; Cy Seiji; SHIMOSATO OGASAWARA; Hiroyuki CRESPO; David coronavirus Japanese Cedar Pollinosis promoting and impairing factors English Teaching Cortisol YOSHIKAWA; Masayuki teaching/learning of science English Beta-Endorphins Arachidonic Acid Cascade SF8-Assessment Scores Japanese Cultural Uniqueness Ganodrema lucidum ESP KOBAYASHI; Aya SATO; Noriko Outer World Flavonoids KOBAYASHI; Yasuna self-confidence grammar teaching NAKAMURA;Seikou Brazilian Herbal Medicine practical science experiments Elderly EFL reishi English for Special Purposes complexity elective subject IMAE; Hidefumi Hisashi MATSUDA; Hisashi smoking cessation Killer Cells circadian rhythm Cultural Properties NAKAMURA; Seikou English Salon Full Paper NISHIKAWA; Tetsu gastrointestinal disorders NOGUCHI; Ayako Fengming XU MATSUMOTO; Kenya physical symptoms ISHIKAWA; Hiroyasu task type Airborne Pollen Levels Japanese pharmacy students FUJITA; Hiroyuki Salivary Cortisol Global Warming Facial Illustration-Based Self-Rating niwa Inpatient Violence Souichi NAKASHIMA Atopic Dermatiitis Dative Alternation Shinno-san WAJIMA; Rikako REE Task Types Scientific English Stress Environmental Carbon Dioxide Concentration fluency Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells (RBL-2H3) Writing Performance Pronunciation Alzheimer’s Disease Furukawa; Shoei Nutrient Functions Claims obesity OTANI; Arika Inner World KUWABARA; Masato CHIZU; Imai Erina SATO picture description task shying away from science Quality of Life JENKINS; Judge Pamela TEZUKA; Osamu communicative competence Japanese EFL learners questionnaire survey NOJIMA; Keisuke food labels KAMADA; Masao relevance and assessment sensitivity of tests KIMURA; Tooru oral presentation Depression Treatment Cytokines XU; Fengming writing activity metalanguage the trial NAKAMURA; Tsuyako affirrmative feedback Kampo HATTA; Kanji Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) Antagonists Kanji; HATTA Teaching written multiple choice Pharmacy MIKAMI: Hiroshi OSCE English program Dickens type-2 diabetes IMAI; Chizu Masayuki YOSHIKAWA and TAKESHIM;A Shigeo Student-Lecturer microphone use Mini Review accuracy EFL 1. Fiction Immunoglobulin-A Monitoring Homogeneity of High Cultures and Subcultures Nerve Growth Factor HASAGAWA; Keito Chin-Don Therapy