Home » Volumes » > Volume 8 » It is Not Easy to Find a Clean and Functional Public Toilet in Many Countries: Lessons to Learn from Japan

It is Not Easy to Find a Clean and Functional Public Toilet in Many Countries: Lessons to Learn from Japan


SATO, N.; ISHII, E. It is Not Easy to Find a Clean and Functional Public Toilet in Many Countries: Lessons to Learn from Japan JAS4QoL 2022, 8(1) 1 online at: https://as4qol.org/xAJT1

Categories: > Volume 8, > Wisdom Notes, Journal Articles, Volumes
Tags: , , , , ,


SATO; NorikoISHII; Erina  

Imex Japan Co. Ltd., 3F Imex Japan Building, 22 Shimomidori-cho, Shichiku, KitaKu, Kyoto 603-8425, JAPAN

Traveling in Europe, the United States, and most countries in Asia, it is always a painful and embarrassing moment when nature calls. For people living in Japan especially, the situation maybe unbearable when a language barrier arises as well. All these come back to the one and one only question:  Why are public toilets or washrooms not readily available outside Japan? The answer to this question goes back to the 19th century when a well-meaning reformer, Augustus Gardner spoke out in 1862: “Any man, and far more, any woman may walk from one end of this city to the other, in the most dire torture, without finding the relief to the necessities of the body, without such indecent exposure of the person as would render the individual liable to arrest and fine by the civic authorities.” 

View | Download

Volumes (in journal order)

Categories

Categorized Tag Cloud

Shinno-san writing activity Japanese EFL learners Immunodefense System OGASAWARA; Hiroyuki FUJIWARA; Yumi Inner World Drug Discovery REE Kyoto MATSUMOTO; Kenya Student-Lecturer microphone use MATSUDA; Hisashi NOGUCHI; Ayako circadian rhythm proficiency level Depression Treatment multiple choice SF8-Assessment Scores HIOKI; Chizuko YOSHIKAWA; Masayuki Salivary Cortisol Collaborative Writing Nerve Growth Factor IMAE; Hidefumi English Arachidonic Acid Cascade Cognitively Impaired Elderly Teaching teien Outer World Brazilian Herbal Medicine Water Systems JENKINS; Judge Pamela Tryptanthrin HIBINO; Kenichi grammar teaching HIEJIMA; Yoshimitsu Conferences SATO; Noriko Emotion and Behavior HATTA; Kanji Gardens NOJIMA; Keisuke Environmental Carbon Dioxide Concentration KUWABARA; Masato Cooperative Learning English Salon Dative Alternation Water physical symptoms Immunoglobulin-A Monitoring Minoru; OZEKI conference MATSUNO; Hikari HATA; Hiroki task type Fiction WAJIMA; Rikako Alzheimer’s Disease Furukawa; Shoei NAKAMURA;Seikou written Pharmaceutical Science English Nutritinal function MIKAMI: Hiroshi Dickens KONISHI; Nami KITADE; Tatsuya OTANI; Arika food labels Pharmacy Elderly Communication Skills type-2 diabetes Preparatory education prior to study abroad SATO; Erina IMAI; Chizu Japanese Cedar Pollinosis Science English elementary school students NAKAMURA; Tsuyako Bleak House picture description task Stress reishi fluency grammar instruction ISHIKAWA; Hiroyasu Epidemiologic Study Mini Review KOHNO; Kyoko Cissus sicyoides affirrmative feedback AIURA; Satoshi Chin-Don Therapy Beta-Endorphins WAKATSUKI; Toru Kyoto Gardens FOONG; Anthony FW EFL HASAGAWA; Keito complementary product Seiji; SHIMOSATO NAKASHIMA; Souichi teaching/learning of science English Masayuki YOSHIKAWA and metabolic indexes Vocabulary English for Special Purposes Kampo accuracy ITO; Ken ESP continuous publication obesity Erina SATO NAKAI; Hisao Ganodrema lucidum Killer Cells Japanese pharmacy students Cortisol ITABE; Hiroyuki oral presentation MATHEWS; Cy Japanese Cultural Uniqueness HONJO; Michio KAMADA; Masao HIRAYAMA; Etsuko Inpatient Violence smoking cessation Airborne Pollen Levels Proceedings English for Study Abroad Kanji; HATTA Task Types EFL 1. complexity Internet-Use Tendency relevance and assessment sensitivity of tests Fengming XU single-product XU; Fengming KIMURA; Tooru NISHIOKA; Yuichiro coronavirus Facial Illustration-Based Self-Rating NISHITANI; Hironori the trial NAKAMURA; Seikou IKEGAMI; Sako Homogeneity of High Cultures and Subcultures Hisashi MATSUDA; Hisashi Writing Performance Scientific English Triage Nurses Edwin Drood metalanguage relevance and assessment senstitivity of tests emergency departments elective subject OSCE English program questionnaire survey TEZUKA; Osamu medication counseling Cognitive Linguistics CRESPO; David Atopic Dermatiitis Cultural Properties CHIZU; Imai the manual booklets niwa gastrointestinal disorders OUCHI: Yuri Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells (RBL-2H3) Cytokines TAKAO; Ikuko Quality of Life Souichi NAKASHIMA practical science experiments communicative competence Nutrient Functions Claims Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) Antagonists English Teaching NISHIKAWA; Tetsu FUJITA; Hiroyuki KOBAYASHI; Yasuna Literary Criticism Flavonoids glycemic index SUGAWARA; Kaoru promoting and impairing factors KOBAYASHI; Aya self-confidence Full Paper shying away from science Global Warming TAKESHIM;A Shigeo Kaoru SUGAWARA Pronunciation Wisdom Note